C/2025 A6 Comet Lemmon on October 31, 2025 using three different focal lengths

On October 31, 2025, my husband and I returned to Sargent, Texas for another opportunity to view and image Comet C/2025 A6 Lemmon.

I initially set up my camera with a 24 mm lens (very wide field, 53 deg by 35 deg) looking towards the sunset to capture the color gradient (I love these deep colors!).  Then, after it got dark, I took a series of images (about 29.47 minutes worth) to capture the stars and the comet.  By October 31, the comet was moving further away from us, and if you compare the October 31 picture with the October 26 picture, you can see that the comet appears smaller, dimmer, and further to the left (west) relative to the stars.  It also appears to have a hook in its tail.

I took additional data with an 85 mm lens (15 deg by 10 deg field of view), about 7.6 minutes worth.  I cropped this image, so it is an even smaller field of view, and again the tail appears to have a hook in it.

All of the pictures with the camera were taken using just a tripod (no tracking mount), so I had to do a fair bit of processing to remove the star trails in the data (BlurXterminator is a great tool for this), and I had to process the comet separately from the stars to keep it from smearing since is moving relative to the stars.

Finally, while I was taking pictures with the camera on a tripod, I was also taking pictures with my small telescope with a 430 mm focal length and a 1.8 by 1.2 degree field of view, about 42 minutes worth.  Of course the comet and the tail are obvious here, and the field of view is too small to see any further out hook in the tail.  What is not obvious in this integrated image is that there was a knot in the comet’s tail that was obviously moving between frames, which I find amazing.  It’ll take a movie to show that, which is my next project.

Which version do you like the best?

Camera geek info – 24 mm sunset image:

  • Canon EOS 60D in manual mode set 8 second exposure, ISO 800
  • Sigma 24-70 mm f/2.8EX lens, set at f/3.5, 24 mm, manual focus
  • Tripod
  • Intervalometer 

Frames – 24 mm sunset image:

  • October 31, 2025
    • 221 8 second lights
    • 30 1/2500 second flats
    • Matching darks and dark flats from library

Camera geek info – 85 mm night image:

  • Canon EOS 60D in manual mode set at 8 second exposure, ISO 800
  • Canon EF 85 mm f/1.8 lens at f/2.8 manual focus at infinity
  • Tripod
  • Intervalometer 

Frames – 85 mm night image:

  • October 31, 2025
    • 57 8 second lights
    • 31 1/2500 second flats
    • Matching darks and dark flats from library

Camera geek info – telescope:

  • William Optics Zenith Star 73 III APO telescope
  • William Optics Flat 73A
  • ZWO 2” Electronic Filter Wheel
  • Antila RGB filters
  • ZWO ASI183MM-Pro-Mono camera
  • William Optics Uniguide 32MM F/3.75
  • ZWO ASI220MM-mini
  • ZWO ASiair Plus
  • iOptron CEM40
  • Sargent, Texas Bortle 4 skies

Frames – telescope:

  • October 31, 2025
    • 14 60 second Gain 150 R lights 
    • 30 0.05 second Gain 150 R flats
    • 14 60 second Gain 150 G lights 
    • 30 0.02 second Gain 150 G flats
    • 14 60 second Gain 150 B lights
    • 30 0.02 second Gain 150 B flats
    • Matching darks and flat darks from library

Abell 7 Planetary Nebula

When we travel to the glorious dark skies of Dell City, Texas, I try to image objects that I won’t be able to easily image from my light polluted Bortle 8 driveway.  I also try to pick a challenge object – one that needs a lot of time even from the Bortle 2 – 3 skies of Dell City.  In November 2025, my challenge object was Abell 7, a planetary nebula.  Even in 10 minute images with the Ha and Oiii filters, I could not see the nebula.  However, after integrating 10.3 hours of Ha and 8.2 hours of Oiii data, I was able to see and process Abell 7.

Abell 7 is a planetary nebula – the gases expelled from a red giant star before it becomes a white dwarf, lit up by that star.  It’s located in the Milky Way, approximately 1680 light years away, and it has an apparent size of 12.733 arcminutes, making it about 6.2 light years across.  It’s estimated to be 20,841 years old based on the expansion of the nebula, which is “ancient” for a planetary nebula.

I find these small nebulae beautiful and fascinating. Each has its own unique structure.  This one has Hydrogen Ha emissions (mapped to red) and Oxygen Oiii emissions (mapped to blue).  Much of the nebula is purple, so it has both Ha and Oiii emissions.  The strongest Ha regions are on opposite sides of the nebula.  There is a variation in intensity – the center and the outer rim are both dimmer than the brighter middle ring.  It also appears to me to be clumpy or fuzzy, which is not surprising given its age.

In addition to the nebula, there are several background galaxies in this image.  I didn’t spend much time collecting RGB data, so there’s not a lot of detail in the galaxies.  The most prominent one in the image is just above and to the left of the nebula.

In this image, the stars and galaxies came from images using red-green-blue filters, and the nebula came from images using Hydrogen alpha (mapped to red) and Oxygen iii (mapped to blue) filters.  The nebula, galaxies, and stars were processed separately to maximally enhance the nebula and galaxies.

Camera geek info:

  • William Optics Zenith Star 73 III APO telescope
  • William Optics Flat 73A
  • ZWO 2” Electronic Filter Wheel
  • Antila HO and RGB filters
  • ZWO ASI183MM-Pro-Mono camera
  • ZWO ASiair Plus
  • William Optics Uniguide 32MM F/3.75
  • ZWO ASI220MM-mini
  • iOptron CEM40
  • Dell City, Texas Bortle 2-3 dark skies

Frames:

  • November 9, 2025
    • 12 600 second Gain 150 Ha lights
    • 30 1.0 second Gain 150 Ha flats
    • 14 600 second Gain 150 Oiii lights
    • 30 0.5 second Gain 150 Oiii flats
  • November 10, 2025
    • 60 30 second Gain 150 Red lights
    • 30 0.05 second Gain 150 Red flats
    • 60 30 second Gain 150 Green lights
    • 30 0.02 second Gain 150 Green flats
    • 60 30 second Gain 150 Blue lights
    • 30 0.02 second Gain 150 Blue flats
    • 19 600 second Gain 150 Ha lights
    • 30 1.0 second Gain 150 Ha flats
  • November 11, 2025
    • 20 600 second Gain 150 Oiii lights
    • 30 0.5 second Gain 150 Oiii flats
  • November 12, 2025
    • 13 600 second Gain 150 Ha lights
    • 30 1.0 second Gain 150 Ha flats
  • November 13, 2025
    • 8 600 second Gain 150 Ha lights
    • 30 1.0 second Gain 150 Ha flats
    • 9 600 second Gain 150 Oiii lights
    • 30 0.5 second Gain 150 Oiii flats
  • November 14, 2025
    • 10 600 second Gain 150 Ha lights
    • 30 1.0 second Gain 150 Ha flats
    • 6 600 second Gain 150 Oiii lights
    • 30 0.5 second Gain 150 Oiii flats
  • 30 Flat Darks from library
  • 30 Darks from library

Processing geek info:

  • PixInsight
  • BlurXterminator
  • NoiseXterminator
  • StarXTerminator
  • NBColourMapper
  • Generalized Hyperbolic Stretch